This study investigates the capability of PVDF hollow fiber membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The goal is to determine the influence of membrane properties on the general treatment efficiency. A selection of PVDF hollow fiber membranes with varying pore sizes and surface finishes are

Membrane bioreactors have become a cutting-edge solution to wastewater treatment. These systems combine the efficiency of microbial processes with the precision of membrane filtration. This integration produces in a highly effective process for removing pollutants from wastewater, delivering high-q